African Opportunity
Africa is set for Exponential growth in the 21st Century with its population forecast to grow from current 1,370m currently to 2,800m by 2050 and 4,400m by 2100.
The Urban population of Africa is set to grow from 472m currently to 1500m by 2050. In 2100 13 of the top 20 most urbanised cities are projected to be in Africa.
Africa is under developed and currently has 22.09% of global land mass but accounts for only 2.75% of Global GDP and 2.27% of global exports.
Asia with 22.09% of global land mass as compared to Africa’s 22.61% of global land mass has mineral production 4.6 times the size of Africa (Asia is producing $679 billion of minerals per annum as compared to Africa’s production of $147 billion).
Africa needs to dramatically increase the discovery and production of its natural resources to drive its economies and for its own internal consumption as urbanisation and economic development gather pace.
Ecumene Mining Partnerships
Provide Governments with Accelerated Development and Increased Returns
Mining Tax and Royalty Rates for Leading Mineral Producing Economies
| Country | Mining Royalty | Corporation Tax | Capital Allowances | Withholding Tax | No. of Tax Treaties |
| Australia | 2.5%-10% | 30% | Yes | 30% | 46 |
| Brazil | 1%-2% | 34% | Yes | 15%-25% | 33 |
| Chile | 0-14% | 25.50% | Yes | 0%/15%/30% | 33 |
| China | 0.5%-4% | 25% | Yes | 10% | 109 |
| DRC | 0.5%-3% | 30% for mining companies | Yes | 20% | 2 |
| Gabon | 3%-5% | 35% for mining companies | NS | 20% | 4 |
| Ghana | 5% | 35% for mining companies | Yes | 8%-15% | 16 |
| Guinea | 5%-6.5% | 30% for mining companies | NS | 15%-25% | NA |
| Indonesia | 3%-7% | 25% | Yes | 20% | 71 |
| Kazakhstan | 2.1%-5.7% | 20% | Yes | 15%-20% | 55 |
| Mexico | 7.5% | 30% | NS | 0%-35% | 60 |
| Laos | NS | 24% | NS | 5%-10% | 11 |
| Myanmar/Burma | Up to 5% | 25% | Yes | 0%-20% | 8 |
| Poland | NS | 19% | Yes | 20% | 83 |
| Russia | 5%-8% | 20% | Yes | 15%-20% | 84 |
| South Africa | 0.5%-7% | 28% | Yes | 15% | 79 |
| Sudan | 5%-7% | 35% | NS | 15% | NA |
| Tanzania | 3%-4% | 30% | Yes | 10%-15% | 9 |
| United States of America | N/A | 35% | NS | 28% | 58 |
| Zambia | 5.5%-10% | 35% | Yes | 20% | 22 |
| Highest | 14% | 19% | NA | 5% | 2 |
| Lowest | 0.5% | 35% | NA | 30% | 109 |
| Average | 4.5% | 28.50% | 70% | 15% | 43 |
